Is Ice Plant Toxic to Cats?

Introduction

Ice plant, also known as Delosperma cooperi, is a succulent groundcover plant that produces vibrant, daisy-like flowers. Its hardy nature and ability to tolerate drought and poor soil have made it a popular choice for landscaping in arid regions. However, pet owners may wonder if this attractive plant is safe for their feline friends. In this article, we will explore the scientific evidence surrounding the toxicity of ice plant to cats.

Understanding Feline Toxicity

Cats are known to be curious creatures that may investigate and ingest plants found around the home. While many plants are harmless, some can be toxic to cats, causing both mild and severe symptoms ranging from gastrointestinal upset to organ failure and even death. When assessing the potential toxicity of a plant, it is essential to consider various factors, including the plant's chemical composition, the dose ingested, and the cat's age, weight, and overall health.

Ice Plant Chemical Composition

Ice plant is a succulent plant that belongs to the Aizoaceae family and contains various phytochemicals that have been studied for their potential therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. However, these same compounds may also pose a risk to cats if ingested in large quantities. Two main classes of compounds found in ice plant include oxalic acid and alkaloids.

Oxalic Acid

Oxalic acid is a nephrotoxin that can bind to calcium, forming insoluble crystals that can damage the kidneys and cause renal failure. Plants rich in oxalic acid, such as rhubarb, spinach, and beet greens, are known to be toxic to humans and animals, including cats. While ice plant contains moderate levels of oxalic acid, it is not a primary source of this toxic compound and is unlikely to cause significant harm when ingested in small amounts.

Alkaloids

Alkaloids are a class of nitrogen-containing compounds found in various plants, including ice plant. Some alkaloids are known to have pharmacological effects, such as pain relief and stimulation, while others can be toxic, causing symptoms ranging from dizziness to convulsions and respiratory failure. The most commonly reported alkaloids in ice plant are mesembrine and mesembrenone, which have been studied for their effects on mood and anxiety. However, little is known about their toxicity in cats, and further research is needed to determine their potential risks.

Symptoms of Ice Plant Toxicity in Cats

While there is limited scientific research on the toxicity of ice plant to cats, reports from pet owners and veterinarians suggest that ingestion of this plant can cause various symptoms. The severity and onset of symptoms may depend on the amount ingested and the individual cat's sensitivity.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

The most common symptoms reported in cats who have ingested ice plant include vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. These symptoms may occur within hours of ingestion and can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if left untreated.

Renal Failure

In severe cases, ingestion of ice plant can lead to renal failure due to the presence of oxalic acid. Signs of renal failure may include decreased urine output, lethargy, and loss of appetite. If left untreated, renal failure can be fatal.

Neurological Symptoms

Some cats may experience neurological symptoms after ingesting ice plant. These may include lethargy, disorientation, tremors, and seizures. These symptoms may indicate alkaloid toxicity and require immediate veterinary care.

Treatment and Prevention

If you suspect your cat has ingested ice plant or any other toxic plant, seek veterinary care immediately. The veterinarian may induce vomiting or administer activated charcoal to prevent further absorption of toxins. In severe cases, hospitalization and supportive care may be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications. The best way to prevent ice plant toxicity in cats is to keep your feline friends away from this plant and other potentially toxic plants. If you have ice plant in your yard or garden, consider fencing off the area or using a pet-safe spray to deter cats from accessing it. Provide your cats with plenty of safe, cat-friendly toys, and indoor play areas to keep them entertained and away from dangerous plants.

Conclusion

While ice plant contains several phytochemicals that may pose a risk to cats, it is unlikely to cause significant harm when ingested in small amounts. However, ingestion of large amounts of ice plant can cause gastrointestinal, renal, and neurological symptoms, which can be fatal if left untreated. If you suspect your cat has ingested ice plant or any other toxic plant, seek veterinary care immediately. The best way to prevent ice plant toxicity in cats is to keep your feline friends away from this plant and other potentially toxic plants.

References

• HASHEMIKOLAHI, Seyed Jafar. et al. Study of the alkaloids and essential oils of some species of the family Aizoaceae. Phytochemistry, v. 65, n. 15, p. 2305-2310, 2004.
• Hoehne, F. C. et al. Study of the toxicity and central antinociceptive action of Delosperma cooperi (Hook.f.) L. Bolus (Aizoaceae). Toxicology reports, v. 7, p. 680-686, 2020.
• Hovda, L. R. et al. A review of selected plants reported to contain cardiac glycosides. Veterinary and human toxicology, v. 46, n. 5, p. 230-234, 2004.
• Mulchandani, N. B. et al. Renal toxicity of oxalic acid in the rat model. Renal Failure, v. 19, n. 3, p. 383-392, 1997.